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TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2 Statement
of the Research Problem
1.3
Objectives of the Study
1.4
Significance of the Study
1.5 Research
Questions
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7
Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8
Assumptions
1.9
Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources
of Literature
2.2 The
Review
2.3 Summary
of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Method
3.2 Research
Design
3.3 Research
Sample
3.4 Measuring
Instrument
3.5 Data
Collection
3.6 Data
Analysis
3.7 Expected
Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data
Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3
Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2
Recommendations for Further Study
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CHAPTER
ONE
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to Innocent Akioya (2006) he stressed that,
to a typical African child, music is life. There is music in almost
everything that happens around him. His mother sings when washing cloths. The
sister sings while sweeping. The father whistles to tune while on the farm.
When the family gathers together for a ceremony, singing is done, singing
being an important part of music; music is therefore that thing that makes
activities around him come alive.
According to Innocent Akinoya (2006) he
defined music as sound that please the ears.
According to Abolagba J. A. (2003) he sees music as the combination of
organized sounds that is pleasant to the ears. Sound, therefore, is the main
source of music. It must be pleasing to the ear, if it is organized, if not
it will be regarded as noise.
DANCE
Abolagba J. A. (2003) defines dance,
as an act in its form, is a rhythmic movement to music either along or with a
partner or in a group. Dance is also use of the body to communicate a message.
However, while drama is rooted in words, music in songs, dance is rooted in
body movement. There is this saying that Africans are dancers. This is
because Africans dance to any music they listen to:
Dance as an art plays various roles in
an individual or group of individuals. This includes:
1.
People dance to
glorify God.
2.
People dance to
express their feelings
3.
Dance is used
for entertainment
4.
People also
dance to exercise their bodies.
5.
It is used to
appease the gods.
DANCE PATTERNS
A dancer must master the techniques
for his profession, since dance has its own methodology. Also, dance differs
from one culture to another. This is why Europeans dance Ballat, while
Nigerians have either the Bata dance of the Yoruba, Antilogous of the Igbo or
the dance of the Hausa. Each of these different dances have their own
peculiarities, hence their techniques must be mastered before they can be
performed.
There are some basic denominators that are
found in basically all dances. They are the factors that underline
techniques. Once they are mastered, the dancer has no problem in dancing.
They are the dancers tool, the “body”, the place he occupies during
performance either on stage, or on an open area called the “space” the way he
responds to rhythm either slowly or very fast called the “time”.
TYPES OF DANCE
Dance in Nigeria is of two main types,
these are: free dance and stylized dance. In the free dancing, there are no
specifications as to how each dancers move in terms of space, relationship to
other dancers and body movement. Rather, each dancer expresses his inner
feeling independent of what other dancers or other parts of the body do.
Stylized dance on the other hand, is
concerned with purposeful and uniformity in movements. The movements are
planned in such a way that body relationship and individual relationship are
all meaningful examples is the atilogwu dance.
CATEGORIES OF DANCE
Dances can also be categorized along
functional line.
1.
Occupational
dances
2.
Social dances
3.
Ritual dances
OCCUPATIONAL DANCES
They are associated with or staged or
reflect different aspects of Nigerian professions, such as hunting,
divination, fishing, farming etc.
SOCIAL DANCES
This include those staged for social
occasions such as wedding, title taking, etc.
RITUAL DANCES
This include sango dances, new yam
dances, masquerade dances, etc.
THE STRUCTURE OF
DANCE
Dance has three (3) basic structures.
The beginning, the middle and the end.
DANCE FORMATIONS
There are different mathematical
formations, which provide the framework for the organisation, position, space
and movement of the dancers and the music orchestra or ensemble. These
formations are as follows:
a.
Circle formation
b.
Parallel lines
formation
i. Double parallel lines
ii. Triple
parallel lines
iii. Quadruple
parallel lines
c.
Single line
formation
d.
Semi-circle
formation
COMPONENTS OF DANCE
Dance contains the following
components: Music, drama, costume, language and mimes. Music is indispensable
in dance because the dancer dances to the rhythm and tempo of music including
sudden and planned musical variations.
Drama is used in the form of acting or
behaviour or farmers during planting and harvesting activity, paddling a
canoe as in EGWU-AMALA of women dancers in Delta State, and in cante dancers
of the Efik, Ijaw and Ibibio people. Costumes provides and expressed the
external body beauty and gives colour of joy, sadness, gallantry, war, peace,
smartness or worship to the dancers and the dance depending on the type of
social functions and objectives of the dance.
Language is in the form of words and
statements in the vocal line including, commitments, creative speech and
recitations associated with a particular. Mime is in the form of gestures by
different patterns of facial expression, arm, head and eye movement and signs
with the intention to analyze some ideas.
ASPECT OF DANCE
The following are those aspects we
considers as we dance.
1.
Awareness of
space; in any dance the spacing of dancers are taken into consideration. The
kind of dance determines the interval between the dancers.
A good dance; leader should space the
dancers, so that they all we be free when dancing and will not hit one
another when displaying a particular skills. Spacing of dancers also helps
the audience to have a free view of the dancers and be able to identify the
best dancer. Also spacing of dancers, gives room for air ventilation. As well
as helping the dancers to be able to breath in fresh air for strength in then
process of doing this act.
2.
Awareness of
time: This is very important to every good dancer. The dancers should be very
sensitive, watchful and vigilant in order to know when to come in with the
dance. It is when the dancers have the awareness of time, that they will know
how many beat to follow and when to stop. They must all stop at the same time
and start together.
3.
Awareness of
weight: When we talk about weight, we mean the weight of every dancer.
Whether they are suffering from obesity or no, it must be considered. This is
because the size or weight of a particular dancer will determine the kind of
dance he or she can participate in e.g. somebody that is suffering from
obesity cannot be chosen for the Esan dance called “Igbabonelimin”. The
average people are mostly chosen.
4.
Body awareness:
This talk about the physical appearance of people that are involved of an
individual will determine what he or she can do better. This is the most
important aspect among the others. For example, the disability of a
particular person will disturb him or her from doing what his or her mates
are doing.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A great number of Africans do not know much
about their cultures. They are being influenced by civilization today.
Africans now sing like the white men and even dance western dances,
neglecting their great cultures. Even in search of books that we can use for
research is very difficult to get. Most authors (Africans) do not write books
on their different cultures any more because of civilization. This is the
reason why there are limited sources of information.
In this study, the researcher would like to
create the awareness in Africans to be proud of their culture and to protect
their culture for identification.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study are as follows:
1.
To create
awareness of the acrobatic dance called “Igbabonelimen” to the public.
2.
To examine the
role of music in Igbabonelimin dance.
3.
To identify some
of the songs used in Igbabonelimin dance and their meanings.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A survey into the problem of dance with
regard to Igbabonelimin. In Esan West local Government of Edo State is much
significant to Esan West (okpebho) but to Nigeria in general. The importance
of carrying out this study is that, at the end, it could serve as a resource
materials to many who want to gain deeper knowledge about the problem of
dance and also the benefit of this measure.
This study will encourage the people of
Esan West and Africans in general to be more interested in dance and also, to
be actively involved. Above all, this piece of work will offer very useful
information on dance, and also act, as a source of information to Af4ricans
and parents, who are keen in studying or understanding more of African
culture or cultural heritage.
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
This study would have covered the entire
Esan part of Edo state. But due to time and finance, the researcher has
decided to restrict her study to Igbabonelimin dance of Okpebho community of
Edo State.
1.6 METHODOLOGY
In carrying out this study, various
research techniques were adopted in the collection of data,. This section
looked at oral interview, field trip and library research.
ORAL INTERVIEW
The researcher employed oral interview
to ascertain the information portraying in this study. The researcher visited
some communities and villages in Esan West Local Government.
FIELD TRIP
For the purpose of this study, the
researcher paid visit to four villages in Esan West Local Government Area. In
order for her to watch the Igbabonelimin dancers as they displayed their
skills live in the scene. The villages covered were; Irrua, Ogwu, Egoro and
Ewu.
This
helped the researcher to gather more information for her research work.
LIBRARY
RESEARCH
For the purpose of this study, the researcher
made use of some books written by different authors for research. The
research visited different libraries to get more facts.
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