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TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2
Statement of the Research Problem
1.3
Objectives of the Study
1.4
Significance of the Study
1.5
Research Questions
1.6
Research Hypothesis
1.7
Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8
Assumptions
1.9
Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Sources of Literature
2.2
The Review
2.3
Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Method
3.2
Research Design
3.3
Research Sample
3.4
Measuring Instrument
3.5
Data Collection
3.6
Data Analysis
3.7
Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND
RESULTS
4.1
Data Analysis
4.2
Results
4.3
Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary
5.2
Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
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CHAPTER
ONE
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BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
Almost
all economic activities are geared towards ensuring that the right goods and
services are produced and find their way to customer. This involves a process
called marketing.
Marketing decisions focus on consumer
needs, hence it seeks to guide or accomplish organisations objective of
consumer satisfaction and company profitability.
In a bid to direct the flow of
products and services to satisfy customer needs, and at a profit, the
marketing mix is developed.
The marketing mix observes that the
marketing manager has a limited number of ingredients (marketing elements) at
his disposal, but like a master chef, he can combine these into an almost
limitless number of recipes to achieve the organisation’s objective of
maximizing profit and staying in business.
The four ‘P’s make up the marketing
mix. These are:
(i)
Product
(ii)
Price
(iii)
Place
(iv)
Promotion
Product
means the need – satisfying offering of a firm, which could be a physical
good, a service or a blend of both.
For example, nails (physical good), advice from a lawyer (service),
getting a birthday cake from Tantalizers by home delivery (a blend of both).
Price
is what is charged for the product produced or the service rendered. Pricing
decisions are especially important because they affect both the number of
sales a firm makes and how much money it earns.
Place
ensures that good and services are available in the right quantities and
locations, and when customers want them.
It would be of little use producing a product or service if it is not
available to customers.
Promotion
is communicating information between seller and potential buyer or others in
the channel to influence attitudes and behaviour.
Now,
promotional activities as one of the major communication strategy mix, are
heard and seen around us virtually everyday.
Organisations, especially the ones that are engaged in distribution
and merchandising of consumer goods and other personal products whose
purchase frequency is high, use different promotional tactics.
Promotional
activities are primarily geared towards:
(i)
gaining competitive advantage and,
(ii)
consequently, increasing sales volume
and business growth.
It
does this by informing target customers that the right product is available
at the right place, and at the right price.
The
five promotional methods are:
(i)
Personal selling
(ii)
Sales promotion
(iii)
Publicity
(iv)
Public relation
(v)
Advertising
Personal selling
involves direct spoken communication (face-to-face) between sellers and
potential customers. It provides
immediate feedback, but can be very expensive.
Sales
promotions are activities other than advertising, publicity and personal
selling, that stimulates interest, trial or purchase by final consumers or
others in the channel. Relative to other promotion methods, they can be
implemented quickly and get results sooner.
Publicity
is any unpaid form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods or
services. Publicity people are paid to
attract attention to the firm and its offerings, without having to pay media
costs. This is what distinguishes it from
advertising.
Public
relations efforts of the marketer aim at building and maintaining good
relations with special publics such as customers, and the public at large.
Advertising
is any paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods or services by
an identified sponsor.
The
thrust of this research is on advertising – as a power tool for business
growth.
There is power, so
much power in information, and when this information is repeated, it leaves
an impression. It is generally
believed that individual consumers lack either the time, interest or
capabilities to actively search for and evaluate relevant information for
purchasing decisions. Advertising
conveniently solves this problem because, it is the primary method of
informing the public about the availability of a product.
Advertising
is concerned with motivating people, thus it is able to tap into the human
desire and resolve the issue of what to buy – and keep buying.
PROBLEM DEFINITION
The tremendous
advertising creativity everywhere amazes and fascinates us. Blinking lights
in different commercial centres at night, giant outdoor posters, television
and radio commercials, magazines and newspapers full of colourful adverts,
has made it plausible to concede that advertising has become a necessary part
of the marketing economy.
For
most big companies, advertising is a major part of their activities with
surprisingly multi million budgets. As regards this study, the Nigerian
Bottling Company PLC, a soft drink manufacturing and distributing
organisation, employs a great deal of advertisements as a promotional tool,
even when its brand is a household name. How come? It certainly is not
because they have a lot of money to throw about.
So
the questions this research raises are:
(i)
Do adverts stimulate demand?
(ii)
Do adverts counter the moves of
competitors?
(iii)
Do adverts affect sales volume?
(iv)
Can the expenditure on advertising be
justifiably applied to achieve a more than usual contribution to business
growth?
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The
objective of this study is to give the rationale for advertising efforts, and
in so doing, answer the questions posed by the research problem.
These
are:
(i)
To justify that adverts build primary
demand
(ii)
To determine the extent to which
advertisements build insistence or preference.
(iii)
To determine that advertising efforts
have a positive relationship with sales volume.
(iv)
To establish the fact that even “big”
names advertise in the face of competition to achieve short and long term
goals of the organisation.
SIGNIFICANCE OF
STUDY
The significance of
any study is measured by the contribution it makes to past, immediate and
present efforts at offering solutions to a problem.
Businessmen
and business scholars from developing countries are slowly recognizing that
people must buy and consume constantly, increasing quantities of goods if the
economy of these countries is to continue to grow.
However,
in the push for greater sales, businessmen face increasing competition.
Competition should not be tolerated, hence, a competitive market means a
competitive advertisement campaign.
The significance of this study is to show
how the expenditure on advertising can be justifiably applied to achieve a
more than usual contribution to business growth of both new and well
established organisation.
SCOPE
OF STUDY
This
study is limited to the effectiveness of advertisement on the business growth
of the Nigerian Bottling Company Plc, with special reference to the Benin
Plant because of the constraints involved in gathering relevant information
for the entire NBC group.
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
The
research methodology refers to the methods and procedures used to analyse the
relevant data to achieve a stated result.
This research is designed to
investigate the role of advertisement in the business growth of the Nigerian
Bottling Company Plc – Benin Plant.
Primary data, which will be relevant
to this study will be obtained through personal interviews and administration
of questionnaires.
Secondary data will also be used and
it would involve the use of library research, compiling relevant data from
official documents and the internet as well.
In
the sampling design, the target population will consist of consumers and
distributors of Coca-cola in Benin City.
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis
are tentative answers to research question, and are usually stated in the
form of relationship between a dependent and independent variable.
The two forms of hypothesis – null and
alternative hypothesis would be used here.
I H1Þ Advertising stimulates demand.
H0Þ
Advertising does not stimulate demand.
II H1Þ Advertising counters the move of
competitors
H0ÞAdvertising does not counter the move of competitors.
III H1Þ Advertising has a positive relationship
with business growth.
H0Þ
Advertising does not affect business growth
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