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COMPARISON OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
PHYSICS STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Learning
has been so much associated with the school that some people almost think that
learning goes on only in schools. This view of learning has been greatly
reinforced by such reference to schools as institutions of learning and to
Universities, Polytechnics and College of Education as institutions of higher
learning (Okoye, 1987). There is no doubting the fact that much learning goes
on in school. The school is particularly and specifically arranged so as to
facilitate effective learning. Unfortunately the poor condition of our schools,
particularly the primary schools today in the nation raises a lot of anxiety. A
cursory look at these school in spite of government efforts reveals schools
dominated by dilapidated buildings, school void of good furniture and
equipment, schools where instructional materials are either not provided or are
inadequate; school that are under-staffed; schools, where teachers’ salaries
and allowances are not promptly paid, schools that have not been inspected for
the last 15 years; schools where there are no discipline among other things.
The government, and especially the parents are very much concerned with the
quality and volume of learning acquired by their children, wards and citizens
as this is related to the quality and quantity of the contribution which the
individual can make to his immediate family, community and the nation as a
whole. (Thorndike, 1931). Several studies by Sociologist, Psychologists and
Educationists showed that the type of schools a learner attends has profound
influence on his academic achievement. For instance, Bibby and Peil (1974)
noted that children who attended private primary schools performed better than
students in public schools. This view is also supported by Lioyd (1966) as he
contended further that the public schools which saw education as good thing,
tended to leave the question of educational success or failure in the hands of
the public and their parents. This implies that the business of education is
not taken with all the seriousness it demands in the public schools. This of
course is what may be regarded as the general apathy of the citizenry to
government’s owned business or property. A situation that has resulted in
lackadaisical attitude of government’s workers, including teachers in the
public schools tend to believe that an intelligent child would succeed
automatically at school without any active assistance coming from them.
A
study jointly carried out by the Federal Government of Nigeria, UNICEF and
UNESCO in 1977 to monitor the learning achievement of primary school students
throughout the Federation, it was shown that most of the private schools had
means in the three areas tested higher than the national means and that of
their public counterpart. Similarly, Yoloye (1998) while assessing the
situation of education in Osun State, compared the quality of education in five
states of the federation namely, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo. He compared
performance between urban and rural schools; private and public schools, as
well as between male and female primary school students. He concluded that
while Osun State comes last in almost all the sub-sector analyzed, the only
cheering exception is in the private schools where it performed better than
other states and indeed exceeded the grand mean. He did not give reasons for
low or high achievement.
Fafunwa
(1981) however, observed that access to qualitative instruction, thorough
supervision in schools, relevant instructional materials, standard school
buildings, less-crowded classrooms, conducive school environment are some of
the major school variables influencing students, academic attainment. He
concluded that in areas where private schools are well established, drop-out
rates would be drastically reduced and students academic performance enhanced.
This he said may be due to availability of resources and more importantly to
the fact that teachers are positively motivated. In a study carried out in the
U.S. by Lubienski and Lubienski (2006), they compared academic achievement
among charter, private and public schools. One of the major findings from this
study showed that private schools scored higher than charter and public
schools. In a related study carried out also in the U.S. by Braun, Jenkins and
Grigg (2006), they compared the performance of students in private and public
schools in both reading and mathematics involving grades 4 and 8, results
showed that the private schools performed better than the public schools not
only in reading and mathematics, but also in the two grades (4th & 8th)
involved in the study. Overall, findings indicated that the average private
school mean score was higher than the average public school mean score, and
that the difference was statistically significant. However, in the study
comparing students' academic performance in business studies in public and
private Junior Secondary School Certificate Examinations (JSSCE) in Ovia South
West Local Government Council Area of Edo State, Nigeria, conducted by
Igbinedion and Epumepu (2011), it was revealed that there was significant
difference in the academic performance in business studies between the public
and private schools from 2008 to 2011. Results further showed that the
percentage performance trend of public schools were higher than those of the
private both males and females. Consequent upon the discussion above, more
parents and guardians who can afford it are daily withdrawing their children
and wards from the public schools to the private fee-paying primary schools
despite its expensive nature even in this hard time. Many of the private
schools are growing bigger and fatter at the expense of the public ones whose
enrolment is daily dwindling. It is in this context that this study is set out
to compare students’ academic performance between the private and public
schools in Akure East and West Local Government Council Areas of Ondo State,
Nigeria.
The
study therefore sought to find out if there is any difference in students’
academic attainment between private and public secondary schools in the two local
government council areas involved in the study. It also highlighted the causes
of such differences in academic achievement between the private and public
schools and suggested measures to rectify the differences so discovered.
1.2 Statement of the problem
However,
there has been tremendous development in the educational sector of the state.
New public and private schools have been established to meet the educational
demand of its citizenry (1st Ondo State Education Summit, 2004). The
researcher observed that there is unimpressive performance of students in
secondary school, the researcher therefore embarked on this study to find out
whether there is actually any performance difference in academic performance of
students.
1.3 Objectives
of the study
1. To find
out if there is significant difference in the academic performance of male
students in physics in secondary schools
2. To find
out if there is significant difference in the academic performance of female
students in physics in secondary schools
3. To find out if there are significant differences in terms of school equipment/facilities and
students’ academic performance in physics
4. To find
out if there are significant differences in terms of qualification of teachers
and students’ academic performance in physics
5. To find
out if there
are significant differences
in terms of
teacher welfare package(s) in and
students’ academic performance in physics in secondary schools
1.4 Research
questions
1. Is there a significant difference in the academic
performance of male students in physics in secondary schools
2. Is there
a significant difference in the academic performance of female students in physics
in secondary schools
3. Are there significant differences in terms of school
equipment/facilities and students’ academic performance in physics
4. Are there
significant differences in terms of qualification of teachers and students’
academic performance in physics
5. Are there
significant differences in terms
of teacher welfare package(s) in and students’ academic
performance in physics in secondary schools
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
1. There is
no significant difference in the academic performance of male students
2. There are
no significant differences in the school facilities provided and students’
academic performance in physics schools.
4. There are
no significant differences in terms of qualification of teachers and students’
academic performance
5. There are
no significant differences in the teacher welfare and students’ academic
performance
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