THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WELFARE PACKAGES AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EDUCATION
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THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WELFARE PACKAGES AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE
TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
This study
investigatedwelfare packages and job performance of English teachers’ in public
secondary schools in Education District II of Lagos State. The participants for
the study consisted of 150 teachers randomly selected from 15 public secondary
schools in the chosen area. A questionnaire entitled “Welfare Packages and
Teachers’ Job Performance Descriptive Questionnaire (PLBTJPQ)) was used to
gather data. Data so collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment
Correlation Coefficient to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance..
Findings from the study revealed that: there was a significant relationship
between teaching facilities; condusive work environment,; sponsored training
programmes; regular payment of salaries; free health care services and
teachers’ job performance. Based on these findings, it was suggested, among
other things, that teachers’ welfare services should be given highest regard
and priority in order to enhance teachers’ job performance.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Motivation,
that is, the desire to do the job is recognized as a key factor in teacher
attitude to work. One major goal of educational management today, according to
Imam (2006) is effectively utilizing teachers in the schools to achieve the
goals of education. This implicitly means that there is emphasis on teacher’s
performance and result-oriented schools. Thus, Imam (2003) was emphatic that
there is need for effective human resources management strategies that aim at
positive attitude towards job and effective performance.
It is the
good of the elementary and secondary public schools in Nigeria to provide a
high-quality education to every student.
To do so requires an adequate supply of competent individuals who are
willing and able to serve as teachers.
Organization such as the school needs teachers to work willingly towards
achieving organizational goals.
Willingness to work however depends on how well the needs of individual
teachers are met (Isa, 2007).
Teachers as
all levels of education are very important in the overall development of any
nation through their impact in the educational system. Education itself is the
door to civilization and modernization of any country. But it is the teachers
who hold the key to this door through performance of their primary functions in
the schools. This fact was stressed by Nyerere (1967) when he stated that “it
is the teachers more than any single group of people who determine the
attitudes of society and shape the ideas and aspirations of the nation”.
Therefore,
the quality of any educational system depends to a great extent on the quality
of teachers in terms of incentive or welfare services which in turn is expected
to produce a competent and dedicated workforce. Corroborating this, Ejiogu
(1990) noted that a major goal of personnel management in any organization is
the production of satisfied employees who will remain happy on the job to
contribute their best towards achieving the organization’s objectives at
minimum efforts.
Staff welfare
services in education is a situation whereby a combination of relevant factors
and variables lead to the satisfaction of the needs of individuals and of the
collective body of teaching and non-teaching staff in secondary schools. The provision of those basic needs also
pre-supposes the attainment of a reasonable degree of commitment. These staff
welfare services include:
- financial reward and promotion;
- free or subsidized medical services;
- official accommodation or housing
loans;
- regular salary increment and
payment; and
- free or subsidized transport or
vehicle loan.
Furthermore,
welfare of teachers should constitute major necessary concern of any
forward-looking educational programme.
In line with this, the National Policy on Education (F.G.N., 2004)
asserts that teacher education will continue to be given a major emphasis in
all educational planning because, “no education system can rise above the
quality of its teachers”. In order to enhance the fulfillment of this
provision, this policy went further to state that purpose of teacher education
should be:
a. to produce highly motivated,
conscientious and efficient classroom teachers for all levels of our
educational system; and
b. to enhance teachers’ commitment in the
teaching profession.
Having
rendered these set of objectives, the National Policy on Education further
recommend ways and means by which these objectives could be achieved. A cursory
glance through the recommended steps reveal a set of master plan towards the
enhancement of an effective and efficient teaching force, through adequate motivation
through provision of basic human needs. Motivational factors/variables have its
role in meeting human needs, because it is believed to lead to job
satisfaction, positive attitude and consequently work productivity of workers.
Since
education plays a major role in the transformation of any society, and the
teachers are the tool for effecting this, it therefore becomes essential and
imperative that the issue of welfare packages for teachers should be examined
with a view to determine the influence of its provision or otherwise on the
attitude and performance of teachers. In
essence, the focus of this study is to examine welfare packages and performance
of English teachers in public secondary schools in Educational District II of
Lagos State.
Statement of
the Problem
In all
school systems of the world, some schools are considered better than others. In
fact, based on such a judgement, parents often go to great lengths to have
their children enrolled in one school rather than another. One yardstick for making this judgement is
student achievement, especially general performance in public examinations.
Furthermore, among some experts and scholars in education opinions about
schools are further narrowed down to teachers’ attitude towards teaching and the
eventual performance. This, some have attributed to inadequate welfare packages
to teachers.
Teacher’s
motivation for efficient performance in our educational system has not always
received due attention despite the obvious leading roles teachers play in the
classroom towards attaining educational objectives. The International Labour Organization (ILO)
lamented that the situation of teachers in the school system in the Sub-Saharan
region (including Nigeria) was so bad it had reached an intolerable low point.
Observations
have shown that the societal image of the teacher has made the noble profession
unattractive and considered as not being adequate for meeting economic, social
and psychological needs. Thus, the question is that: won’t the ill-treatment and
neglect of teachers breed dissatisfaction and hamper classroom effectiveness,
efficiency and productivity? It is on
this basis, the study will examine the influence of welfare services on
teachers’ attitudes towards work and their job performance.
Purpose of
the Study
The main
focus of this study is to examine the influence of welfare packages on English
teachers’ job performance. But
specifically, the study will:
1. examine if adequate provision of
teaching facilities will influence teachers’ job performance;
2. examine the influence of conducive
work environment on teachers’ job performance;
3. find out the role of regular payment
of salaries on teachers’ job performance;
4. assess the extent to which sponsorship
of training programmes will influence teachers’ job performance;
5. examine the influence of free health
care services on teachers’ performance.
Research
Questions
The
following questions are formulated to guide the study.
1. Will adequate provision of teaching
facilities influence teachers’ job performance?
2. Would conducive work environment
influence teachers’ job performance?
3. Does regular payment of salaries
influence teachers’ job performance?
4. To what extent would sponsorship of
training programmes influence teachers’ job performance?
5. Would provision of free health care
services influence teachers’ job performance.
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses are postulated to guide the study.
1. There is no significant relationship
between teaching facilities and teachers’ job performance.
2. There is no significant relationship
between conducive work environment and teachers’ job performance.
3. Regular payment of salaries is not
significantly related to teachers’ job performance
4. Sponsorship of training programmes will not
significantly influence teachers’ job performance.
5. There is no significant relationship between
provision of free health care services and teachers’ job performance
Significance
of the Study
There is no
doubt that the findings from this study would be of immense benefits to various
stakeholders in education, considering the fact that no nation can rise above
the quality of its teachers. The findings, for instance, would be beneficial to
the government agencies. The government’s perception of the essence of adequate
provision and regular administration of welfare packages would be enhanced.
Also, it
would enhance educational administrators and policy makers who need empirical
information in getting the best out of teachers; it might also provide the
direction for motivating teachers in secondary education system through the
knowledge of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction variables which could be
tapped to improve teachers’ attitude towards work and job performance.
Furthermore,
other stakeholders in education such as parents, philanthropists,
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Alumni Association, international
bodies, corporate bodies, among others, would be sensitized to contribute their
own quota towards the welfare of teachers; these could be material or financial support.
Scope of the
Study
The study is
limited to selected public secondary schools in Education District II of Lagos
State. The targeted participants are English teachers. The study focuses mainly
on the influence of teaching facilities, conducive work environment, regular
payment of salaries, sponsorship of training programme and free health care
services on teachers’ performance.
Definition
of Terms
Welfare
Packages – these are tangible materials that are provided as job rewards and
motivation to teachers. These include financial reward (salaries and
allowances, subsidized medical services, loan schemes), teaching facilities,
regular payment of salaries, on-the-job training, among others.
Teachers’
Attitude – this refers to a judgemental ability and disposition of an
individual teacher based on personal values, psyche, and emotional towards
external events and the behaviour of others.
Job
Performance – this refers to the process of maximally performing a task towards
achieving the stated objectives.
Teachers’
Job Satisfaction – this is the ability of the teacher to derive satisfaction
and exhibit positive or high morale on the job.
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