A SURVEY OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS USED FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ECONOMICS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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A SURVEY OF
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS USED FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ECONOMICS
IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This research work aimed at examining
instructional materials used for effective teaching and learning of Economics
in Senior Secondary Schools.
The problem
observed in the research work was that, there should be provision for the
maintenance of the instructional materials and there should be adequate
information to teachers on the availability of ready made Instructional
materials.
For the
purpose of providing the theoretical framework and background for the study,
the researcher reviewed various literature such as books, magazines, journals
and unpublished past projects which directly relate to the research work.
Furthermore,
a structured questionnaire was deigned to collect data based on the review. The
questionnaire was divided into two
sections (Aand B) section A dealt
with biographical data of the respondents while section B dealt with research
statements. The data obtained in section
B was analyzed using percentage scores and other statistical means such as pie
chart, bar chart, line graph and chi-square. Having analyzed the data
thoroughly, my findings, showed that instructional materials create lasting
impressions on the part of the learners and it enables the students to grap the
meaning of concept being taught fast and easily.
Based on the
outcome, the researcher therefore recommended that government should intensify
efforts in providing maintenance for instructional materials provided in the
secondary schools.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It is
necessary to note that teaching aids are important catalysts of social
reengineering and change in learners. It is obvious that effective instructions
cannot be well accomplished without the use of instructional materials.
The reason
is not far-fetched: advances in technology have brought instructional materials
especially the projected and electronic materials to the fore front as the most
radical tools of globalization and social development which have affected the
classroom teaching learning situation positively such technological
breakthrough as net worked and non-net worked; projected and non-projected;
visual, audio, audio-visual electronic materials are important landmarks in
knowledge transfer. With them both teaching and learning become very pleasant
experiences.
Instructional
materials possess some inherent advantages that make them unique in teaching.
For one
thing, they provide the teachers with interesting and compelling platforms for
conveying information since they motivate learners to want to learn more and
more. Also, by providing opportunities for private study and reference, the
learner’s interest and curiosity are increasingly stimulated.
Further, the
teacher is assisted in overcoming physical difficulties that could have
hindered his effective presentation of a given topic. They generally make
teaching and learning easier and less stressful. They are equally indispensable
catalysts of social and intellectual development of the learners.
Bolick
(2003) pointed to a good relationship between effective teachings and using of
instructional materials. He argued that “… while some educators have been
fascinated by the potential of instructional materials to enhance teaching and
learning, teachers lagged behind in using instructional materials during
teaching and learning. Others expressed doubts that instructional materials
will ever incite teaching reform in social studies”. Instructional materials
are integral components of teaching-learning situations; it is not just to
supplement learning but to complement its process. It then shows that, if there must be an
effective teaching-learning activity, utilization of instructional materials
will be necessary.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The poor
funding of schools greatly affects the procurement of instructional materials
in majority of the school.
Majority of
Instructional Materials used in the schools are out dated and irrelevant to the
teaching and learning of the subject.
Majority of
the modern Instructional materials procured by the schools cannot be operated
because the teachers are not experts in uses of these materials such as
computers, projector and other gadgets.
1.3
JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE STUDY
The
practical justification for this study is that it is an instrument for
accelerating the pace of all inertia in a people, achieve mobilization and
direct their productive forces in improving their living condition.
1.4
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The
limitations to this study could be the time needed to sample opinion from
schools.
The huge
financial resource needed to get relevant materials and time limit to complete
and submit the project.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is
significant because it would show the relevance of teaching as a profession and
the impact of a teacher in influencing
the future development and growth of a leaner. How teaching and learning
materials design, production and their use facilitate the teaching and learning
outcomes.
1.6 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
In attempt
to make a survey of instructional materials used for effective teaching and
learning of economics in senior secondary schools it is necessary to ask some
pertinent questions.
A. What are the relevant instructional
materials that could aid the teaching and learning of economics in senior
secondary schools.?
B. What is the role of government in supplying
instructional material in senior secondary schools?
C. What are the impact of using these
instructional materials on the students.?
D. What are the problems facing teachers in
using these instructional materials in senior secondary school.?
E. What are the financial constraint facing the
teacher in getting these instructional materials.?
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERM
Terms can be
defined as some special chosen words used in the course of this project which
are defined below to make it more explanatory and meaningful.
o Instructional Material: are objects such as
printed, audio and visual that aid in the successful delivery of lesson.
o Effective communication: is usually the
result of a careful selection of the appropriate medium or combination of media
available by an effective teacher.
o Teaching: The work or profession of a
teacher.
o Learning: Knowledge gained through reading
and study.
o Projected: are forms of media which could be
visual, audio and audio-visual in nature that requires projection and
electricity in their using process for teaching and learning situation.
o Non projected: These are materials that do
not require any form of projection before they can be utilized.
o Development: the process of gradually becoming
bigger, better, stronger, or more advanced.
o Technology: new machines, equipment, and
ways of doing thing that are based on modern knowledge about science and
computers.
o Visual Aid: this appeal to the sense of
vision (the eye) such as still pictures,
maps,, charts, graphs, diagrams, chalkboard, sketches, atlas and painting.
o Manipulative materials: are instructional
materials that the learners actually handle skillfully, deal with, and manage
expertly to bring about the desired behavioural changes.
1.8
HYPOTHESES
Below are
the hypothesis on which the project will be based
A. There is a significant relationship between
the instructional materials used for effective teaching and learning and the
level of the student.
B. There is significant relationship between the
roles of teacher and instructional materials used for effective teaching and
learning.
C. There is a significant relationship between
the role of government and instructional materials used for effective teaching
and learning.
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