EFFECT OF SOCIO- ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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EFFECT OF
SOCIO- ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN
SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This study
will investigate the effect of socio-economic background of parents on
students’ academic performance in some selected schools in Bariga local
government area of Lagos State, Nigeria.
This is to
find out whether the good or poor academic performance of students could be
explained by socio-economic background and to determine if the assumption that
students from high socio-economic background perform better in their academics
than students from an average/low socio-economic background is true or not.
The research
findings showed that parents’ socio- economic background have much effect on
academic performance of students. Therefore, the good and poor academic
performance could be greatly explained by certain variables of socio- economic
background parents.
A sample of
80 students was selected randomly from the four selected secondary schools in
Bariga local government area. A questionnaire that has items of family income,
family educational background and family type was the only instrument used.
Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis.
The result
of the findings revealed that students from the high socio- economic background
performed better than their counterparts from average and poor homes. Thus,
socio-economic factor has great influence on students performance at school.
It is hoped
that further researches on the extent to which socio-economic background
affects the academic performance of students will be carried out to know if
this factor affects most of the students in the country, so as to consider the
factor when planning the curriculum and also proffering solution to this
important factor.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Parent play
an important role in their children’s learning, aside from being actively
involved in their children’s education. Parents also provide a conducive home
environment, educational resources that can affect learning. Socio- economic
status depends on a combination of variables, including occupation, education,
income, wealth and place of residence. Sociologists often use socio- economic
status as means of predicting behavior. (www.answers.com).
Many
researchers have tried to explain and analyze reasons why there are differences
in academic performance of students by focusing on school/environment and
hereditary without paying attention to effects of socio-economic background.
Research indicates that children from low socio- economic household and
community develop academic skills more slowly compared to children from higher
socio- economic status. (Morgan, Farkas, Hillemeier, Maczuga, 2009).
Research
also indicates that school systems in low socio- economic status and community
are often under resourced, which is negatively affecting students’ academic
performance. (Alscens and barbarian, 2008).The primary environment of students
is the home and it stands to exert tremendous impact on students’ achievements.
(Hoover Dempsey et al, 2005; Redding, 2006;
Nyarko, 2010). Moreover, the home is the primary agent of education for
the child.
Thus the way
the child lives, the food he/she eats and his/her lifestyle is influenced by
the home. The type of family system the child is exposed to could influence his
academic achievement in school. Kellaghan (1993) affirmed that academic success
depends on what parents do at home. A person’s education is closely linked to
their life chances, income and well being (Battle and lewis). Therefore it is
important to have a clear understanding of what benefits or hinders one’s
educational attainment.
Educationists
of today are becoming more and more aware of the importance of knowing about
the interests, needs, drives and background of students. Parent play an
important role in their children’s learning. Aside from being actively involved
in their children’s education, parents also provide a home environment that can
affect learning and parent determine the educational resources available in the
home.
For teachers
to teach effectively there is need to study the personality of individual
student since they are from different homes and backgrounds, therefore there
will be distinct traits. The teacher needs to interact with these various
groups of students in order to know and distinguish their performances and
attitudes.The teacher must have interest in other aspects apart from
intellectual training because students learn better when the learning
experience are meaningful to them. He has to understand the economic and social
background of his students.
There are
three types of home that can be identified among students: the poor family, the
rich family and the average family which is neither too rich nor too poor
(Wilson, A.B. 1988). The researcher said that some students came from broken
homes with many problems; there are students who have well educated parents
while some have illiterate parents. All these groups have different behavior
towards work and varied levels of academic performances in their class works
but it depends on the influence of the environment.
He further
explained that students from poor homes do not have radios, computer,
television sets, libraries and no access to information on internet that gives
certain educational background. Also there is little or no encouragement by
parents, difficulty in paying school fees, little or no time for leisure and
extra lessons and also parents have little or no education. For those students
in higher class, there is enough money to pay school fees, availability of
books, radios, libraries and newspaper to mention but few help in developing
mental abilities of those students. The third
group of parents, which is the average class and they live in houses which are
owned or rented. Parents in this group give some freedom to their children
educational facilities enjoyed but all these cannot be compared with that of
higher class people.
These
various differences in socio-economic background affects the attitude of
students in school, they affect the way they think, speak and academic
performances. It is generally believed that children from high and middle
socio- economic status parents are better exposed to a learning environment at
home because of provision and availability of extra learning facilities.
This idea is
supported by Becker & Tomes (1979) when they assert that it has become well
recognized that wealthy and well educated parents ensure their children’s
future earnings by providing them a favorable learning environment, better
education and good jobs. In contrast to this belief, children from low
socio-economic status parents do not have access to extra learning facilities;
hence the opportunity to get to the top of their educational ladder may not be
very easy, (Drummond & Stipek, 2004).
Drummond and
Stipek. (2004) while discussing their “low income parents’ beliefs about their
role in children’s academic learning” mentioned that a few of these parents
indicated that their responsibilities were limited to meeting children’s basic
and social- emotional needs, such as clothing, emotional support and
socializing manners. The main objective is to find out the extent to which
socio-economic situation of students affect their academic performance.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Backgrounds
of students especially socio and economic have been recognized as the
circumstances that influence life and academic performances. Teachers often have inadequate information
about their students’ background. They also find it difficult to inquire about
their socio-economic background. Findings show that many students despite their
exposure to extra lesson perform woefully in school, while their counterparts
that have little or no extra lesson performed better than them.
Moreover teachers find it difficult to know
the problems of emotional instability tension, hostility and anxiety that
students bring from poor environment. As
a result of this, it becomes imperative that a critical analysis for academic
performances of students and their socio-economic background be undertaken
1.3
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result
of the relationship between the socio-economic background and students’
academic performance will help to make useful recommendations to improve the
teaching profession if need be.
The teacher
would be able to take new dimensions to teach those less privileged from poor
background if all these problems are identified, known and taken note of. For
instance, an extra lesson could be given by the teacher to some sections of the
class that are weak academically in certain aspects of their learning.
Even instructional materials like television,
radios, field trips and different programs might be provided for all the
students and it will give those that come from poor environment some of the
experiences which those students who come from rich environment have. Therefore
from this type of study it can be noted that continual educational decisions
could be made about students from, various social classes, cultural and
economic background.
1.4
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The broad
objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between
socio-economic background of parents and academic performance of students. This
broad objective can be broken down into the following specific objectives;
1. To examine the extent of conventional
assumption that students from high socio-economic families are the highest
educational achievers at school.
2. To evaluate the acceptability that students
from average socio-economic families are the average educational achievers
while students from poor socio-economic background are low educational
achievers.
3.To examine
teachers attitude towards the use of socio- economic background of students.
1.5 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
This
research work would be conducted in Bariga Local government area, Lagos State.
The Selected four secondary schools that will be used are;
· Ajayi Crowther Memorial Senior High
School.
· Lanre Awoloku Senior Grammar School.
· Arch Deacon Adelaja Senior High School.
· CMS Girls Senior Grammar School.
Information
that would be gathered will be on issues including family environment,
socio-economic status, and educational aspects and so on. Much of the data will
be based upon responses of students to the items on the administered
questionnaire.
1.6 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
following research questions are examined;
· To what extent is the conventional
assumption that students from high socio-economic families are the highest
educational achievers at school?
· Is it acceptable to assume that
students from average socio-economic families are the average educational
achievers while students from poor average socio-economic families are the low
educational achievers?
· Is teachers’ attitude towards the use
of students’ socio-economic background of students positive or negative?
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The
investigator has tried to define common terms that are to be found in the essay
because an in depth knowledge of the meaning of some important terms will be
necessary.
Educational
level of parents is one of the aspect of socio-economic background and the
educational level of parents is the degree of formal education. This means that
the higher the parent’s educational level, the higher the educational
achievement of the child.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
STATUS: These are the various social strata or position of people in the
society. It indicates the different standard of living in the economy.
It is also a
composite measure available in the data set, consisting of parents’ level of
education, parents’ occupational status and family income.
The social
position of people in the society socio-economic status is divided into three:
· High Socio-economic Status
· Low Socio-economic Status
· Average Socio-economic Status
Each status
performs a number of roles. The different socio-economic status influences the
educational performance of students differently.
HIGH SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS: These are the high
income earners who live comfortably.
LOW
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS: These are the low income earners who live in a room, or
in slums and find it hard to provide the basic needs of life.
AVERAGE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS: These are the average income earners, they are neither
poor nor rich, and they live comfortable but not as comfortably as the high
income earners.
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