STUDENTS PARTICIPATION IN ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING IN THE GOVERNANCE OF UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
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STUDENTS
PARTICIPATION IN ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING IN THE GOVERNANCE OF
UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study
is on students’ participation in administrative decision-making in the
governance
of universities in South-South Nigeria. The study became necessary because
of the
researcher’s experiences of student crisis in South – South Nigeria
universities.
Five
purposes of study and five research questions guided the study. Four hypotheses
were tested
at 0.05 level of significance. The research design adopted was descriptive
survey
research design. The population for the study was 145,870 students with a sample
of 1200
final year students. The data collection instrument was questionnaire made up
of
forty (40)
items. The internal consistency of the instrument was established with the use
of Cronbach
alpha method. The reliability co-efficient of 0.82 was obtained for cluster
one, 0.76
for cluster two 0.68 for three, 0.91 for four and 0.88 for cluster five. These
scores or
values were computed and internal reliability coefficient of 0.92 was obtained
and
considered reliable enough for the study. Data collected was analyzed using
mean
and standard
deviation. The result revealed that: Students of federal and state universities
agreed that
the university disciplinary committees are composed of students and members
of staff and
students are free to contribute to matters relating to students discipline in
the
committee.
Student of federal and state universities disagreed that the rules and
regulations
operating in the university for students are made by the students and the
university
authority. Students of federal universities agreed that university authority
seeks
students’ opinions when rules and regulations are formulated for students,
Students
of both
federal and state universities also disagreed that students and the university
authority
always decide hostel accommodation fees, Students of federal and state
universities
disagreed that; they take part in deciding internally generated revenue like:
development
fee, laboratory fee, and their views are not usually sought nor considered
before
increases in registration fees are made. Students of both federal and state
universities
held the opinion that students’ leaders are elected by students and the list
forwarded to
the university authority for approval among others. Based on the findings,
conclusions
were drawn and the educational implications discussed. Among the
recommendations
made were that: Students should be represented in university
disciplinary
committees of their institutions, university authorities should involve
students in
the formulation of rules and regulations on students union government in both
state and
federal universities. Students should participate in decision making on
accommodation
related issues. Students should be involved in decision making on
internally
generated revenue and finally students should take part in the selection of
their
leaders.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Decision
making is a process of selecting from among a set of alternatives
in the light
of given objectives. It can be viewed as a mental process resulting in
the
selection of a course of action among several alternatives (Burker and Miller,
1999).
Decision making is also defined as a judgment, a process of formulating
and
implementing decision a conscious selection among alternatives and a process
of problem
solving. The process of decision making includes the use of complex,
logical and
mathematical process (Okeke, 2007) Decisions are classified into
policy
decisions, administrative or managerial decisions and operational or
executive
decisions. Ogbonnaya (2002) defined policy decisions as decisions
made by
public officials which give direction to public policy actions. While
administrative
decisions are decisions which determine the means to be used in
achieving
organizational goals (Obi, 2003). Operational decisions according to
Okeke (2007)
are decisions which are made on daily basis a cases arise. He added
that
executive or operational decisions are concerned with the ways in which
different
programmes of the institutions are carried out.
Administration
is a process of coordinating the efforts of human and
material
resources systematically to achieve set goals (Ezeocha, 1990) while
management
is defined by Peretomode (1996) as a social and interactional process
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involving a
sequence of coordinated events planning, organizing, coordinating and
controlling
or leading in order to use available resources to achieve a desired goal
in the
fastest possible way. Administration and management are related because
both involve
the coordination of human and material resources to achieve set goals
in any
organization. However management is more embracing in the sense that it
involve
planning, organizing, controlling, leading among others while
administration
involve more of the coordination of human and material resources
in the
process of implementing programme (Ejiogu, 1990). In this study, however
management
and administration mean the same thing.
Administrative
decisions making in educational institutions are normally
embarked
upon by university administrators, provost, or principals for the day to
day running
of their institutions (Obi, 2003). In the universities in particular
administrative
decisions covers such areas as regulation of teaching and learning
activities
courses assigned to faculty staff, promotion of research, admission of
students,
students discipline, welfare of students, and the regulation of their
conduct,
budgeting and spending (Okeke, 2007). These decisions are made by
university
administrators and staff. However administrative decision-making for
students
participation in this study covers students representation in the
disciplinary
committees of their universities, students participation in formulation
of rules and
regulation on students’ union government, students participation in
administrative
decision-making on accommodation matters, students participation
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in
decision-making on internally generated revenue like tuition fee development
fee,
examination fee, library fee, and students participation in administrative
decision-making
on the selection of students leaders.
In his
decision making theory called competencies decision making theory
Abbot (1974)
taught that leaders should identify and differentiate between types of
decisions in
an organization, determine the type of information needed for the
decision and
consider the involvement of all stake holders in the institution in
making
decisions in order to avoid the negative consequences of taking decisions
without the
consideration of some stake holders in organizations. The researcher
therefore
anchored this study on Abbot competencies decision-making theory and
on Hodgett
and Altman (1979) bounded rationality decision making theory which
seek to
identify and select the best alternative from different organizational
temperament
and experiences before a decision is made.
It should be
noted that the desire of the federal and state governments to
provide
higher education for her citizens has led to the establishment of
universities
in all parts of Nigeria. The major aims of which are to produce high
level
manpower for overall national development, to inculcate the best values for
the survival
of individual and society, to develop the intellectual capacity of
individual
to understand and appreciate their local and external environment
among
others. (FRN, 2004).
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