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CAREER
ASPIRATIONS OF MASS COMMUNICATION UNDERGRADUATES IN BABCOCK AND UNIVERSITY OF
LAGOS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
According to
Agbo, (2015) career aspiration is a path one wishes profession to follow and
further maintained that career aspiration is a vital process in an individual's
life in that most students enter the teenage group and underpin most of the
development task in this transition period strives to achieve long-term goals
(Agbo, 2015). Following Agbo, Ojobor, (2015) linked career aspiration to mass
communication then argued that there is no doubt that mass communication is one
of the professions sought by many in the world today. Moreover, Okoro &
Chinweobo-Onuoha (2013), define mass communication as a true tool for
dissemination of information, social mobilization and control. It is a means of
educating and raising public awareness about important issues that affect
people's lives (Okoro & Chinweobo-Onuoha, 2013).
Back to the
inception, according to Emenyeonu, (2014) the advent of mass communication in
Nigeria in the mid-nineteenth century was marked by the domination of
non-professionals who used their publications either to propagate a cause or to
exchange punches with the colonial authorities. The study of press in Nigeria
bring into being in the early nineteen sixties. At the time there were only two
higher education institutions offering mass communication courses - the
University of Nigeria (Nsukka) which began in 1961 and The University of Lagos
in 1967. Then mass communication began in 1999 at Babcock University as a Social
Science program under Babcock School of Commerce. This program allows each
student to be sufficiently exposed to the techniques of writing and print mass
communication. In addition, they have the possibility of an in-depth
orientation in elective options in broadcasting, book publishing, advertising
and public relations. These institutions have introduced a degree in mass
communication whereby students have taken courses in mass communication.
Initially, candidates hesitated to enroll in mass communication, as the
preferred career choice was medicine, engineering, law and architecture
(Emenyeonu, 2014). Currently, Omolayo, (2015) opined that the opposite occurs
because there seems to be a fascination in the study of mass communication
which witnesses an explosive surge in the population of candidates (mainly by
the female sex), such that discipline has become a Selling argument for Most
Universities in Nigeria. Involved in this aspiration is a decision not only of
the type or class of people that one wishes to become. Preparation for adult
life means preparation not only for earning a living, but for spending time.
Being a student is a process of initiation into all aspects of life. A good
professional training is actually a good education. We live in an era of
knowledge explosion (Omolayo, 2015).
However,
Okoro and Chinweobo-Onuoha (2013) define mass communication as a genuine tool
for dissemination of information, social mobilization and control. It is a
means of educating and raising public awareness about important issues that
affect people's lives. This means that mass communication is the collection,
preparation and distribution of news and related comments and materials through
media such as a pamphlet, newsletter, magazines, radio, movies , Television,
Bill Boards Internet and Books (Ali, 2010). According to Ali (2010), various
polls conducted with various institutions that offer mass communication in
Nigeria reveal that the student population far exceeds their male colleagues,
but only a few of these females pursue a career in mass communication as they
do, Were preferred to take careers in other specialties of broadcasting,
advertising, public relations and production. Lenshie, (2014) cried that over
the years, the female sex would be underrepresented in various areas of human
activity. Although Gambo, (2014) stated that research has shown that women have
the same abilities and skills as their male counterparts, the gap between men
and women continues to flourish, even in the face of the global struggle to
achieve gender equality. Oluwafisayo, (2015) posit that industrial society has
become increasingly complex and Ifeoluwa, (2015) reported that we are still
faced with the problem of the aspiration of vocation among the many existing
ones. This aspiration requires that the alternative be made clear and that
important factors be given due consideration so that the decision-making
process is easier. In the light of current events in Nigeria, it is necessary
to express deep concern and adopt an appropriate approach to the issue
(Ifeoluwa, 2015).
On the other
hand, Drambrot, (2012) maintained that career aspiration is a social problem
the next step is to thoroughly examine the factors that have combined to
generate it. The social problem is a popular issue among researchers in the
academic cycles of society. This social has resulted from the gap between the
aspiration and choice of career prospects and the facts of the economic
environment. Okoro, (2013) noted that the total sum of the problem is the
unrealistic choice of occupation councils made available to undergraduate
students during their school days. To this extent, Wilson, (2014) believe that
it is not enough to suggest a relationship between attitude towards the subject
and occupational aspiration, Wilson (2014), because it is also important to
think about the factors responsible or which lead To the formation of such an
attitude towards the subject for example It is necessary to know whether it is
the school environment or the influence of groups of peers that lead to a
negative attitude towards the subjects (Wilson, 2014). In this large country
(Nigeria), Emenyeonu, (2014) argued that it can be seen that the massive
unemployment of graduates of higher education institutions is attributed in
part to the poor choice of courses for students in higher education. Career
aspiration is a very important process in the life of every individual,
according to Ezinwa, (2015) especially among undergraduate students. Ezinwa,
further disclosed that career aspiration has influenced almost every aspect of
a person's life. Most undergraduate studies have shown that the extent of
career choice depends on many factors. These factors include: parental pressure
and encouragement, influences from peer groups, prestige and value of careers,
sex and courses studied at school. Ekeli, and Enobakhare, (2013) recognized
that the decision to choose a specific course depends on the individual's
system of values, family environment, abilities, interests and possibilities.
They found that the priority orders for motivation for occupational aspiration
were: personal benchmarks, overcoming the financial barrier to education, the
public image of work and the influence of peers. Lockwood (2011) cited some
common factors that are responsible for the aspiration of a profession among the
enumerated youth, includes the following: Age, intelligence, courses offered,
Occupation, environment, physical state, economic status, nature and degree of
professional consultation, motivation or impulses, gender, self-knowledge,
values and occupational data. By choosing a career, the choice must be
understood, understood one's own natural abilities and limitations and must
know the requirement of occupation to succeed in vocation. According Reep,
(2012) little professional information often limits and obliges undergraduate
students to choose a profession that does not suit their interests and
abilities. However, Ojobor, (2015) maintained that information that highlights
the undesirable aspects of a profession may discourage the first round of
selection, even though it was highly preferred for this work. As people,
including undergraduate students become better educated, they want a higher
standard of living; they expect educational and psychological benefits as well
as material and physical gains (Ojobor, 2015).
1.2 Statement of the problem
The fact
that career aspiration is a problem in universities is a known discernable fact
from simple observation and examination of related literature. With this in
mind, Oluwafisayo, (2015) stated that many factors are considered influential
in the aspirations and career choices of university students in Nigeria.
Emenyeonu, (2014) disclosed that the inculcation of social values, especially
occupational prestige, is reflected in students' aspirations to employment, but
intellectual capacity is an important consideration since the individual can
find entry into professions that require educational preparation considerably
prohibited. In Nigeria, according Ezinwa, (2015) it came to a point before the
Buhari administration with the aspiration on agriculture that family
occupations such as fishing and agriculture was no longer accepted by
undergraduates as the country was rapidly changing from a traditional
agricultural country to an industrialist (Ezinwa, 2015). This change has made
career aspiration a complex among undergraduate students in the country. This
professional aspirational process of undergraduate students is specifically the
difficulties due to ignorance of available job opportunities, environmental influences,
such as parental pressure, peer group pressure, courses, value Prestige
occupations, gender differences and some other directly responsible
undergraduate aspiration factors.
1.3 Objective of the study
The main
objective of this study was investigating the career aspiration of mass
communication undergraduates. The specific objectives are to:
Determine
the level of awareness of press career opportunities by mass communication
students of Babcock and University of Lagos
identify the
perception of mass communication undergraduates in Babcock and University of
Lagos towards mass communication as a career
determine
career option(s) in mass communication appeal to the undergraduate of Babcock
and University of Lagos
identify
factors that affect career contemplations of mass communication students
towards mass communication
1.4 Research questions
The study is
fastened on the following questions:
What is the
level of awareness of press career opportunities by mass communication students
of Babcock and University of Lagos?
What is the
perception of mass communication undergraduates in Babcock and University of
Lagos towards mass communication as a career:
What is the
career option in mass communication appeal to the undergraduate of Babcock and
University of Lagos?
What are
factors that affect career contemplations of mass communication students
towards mass communication?
1.5 Significance of the study
This study aims investigating career
aspiration of undergraduate students: A good knowledge of these important
factors that are responsible for the vocation will help to guide undergraduate
students to the employment decision wish.
Such meaning will provide information on a lot of what has been done and
how they were made in those areas that are currently focusing our interest.
This study will also provide the solution that greatly needs to guide
university students on the career aspirations that will improve their future
lives. It should be useful to career educators, guiding and helping students
make a realistic career choice, thereby reducing disappointments in jobs and
checking the pitiful wages among undergraduates. Another great importance of
this study is that it also contributes to the general understanding of the
process of career aspirations of the first cycle. The study will also shed
light on the amount of knowledge undergraduate have about jobs available in
Nigeria.
1.6 Scope of the study
This study
was confined to undergraduates of two (2) selected universities in Nigeria,
Babcock and University of Lagos. The study aimed at investigating the career
aspiration of mass communication undergraduates.
1.7 Limitation of the study
There are
two major limitations of this study; financial time and constraints.
Constraints of time resulting from a short period of time allocated to the
researcher to carry out this research work more effectively and, secondly, the
financial constraint on the part of the researcher. In addition, there was a
constraint of the unavailability of adequate information material and Nigeria's
information and communication system in Nigeria is poor. This has resulted in
delays in the research work of the researcher.
1.8 Operational definition of terms
Career: An
occupation or profession, especially special training, followed as a work of
life, which is the journey of an individual through learning, work and other
aspects of life because it could be progress of the person or a general course
of action through life or through a phase of life, as in a profession or a
company, like wanting to become a journalist.
Mass
communication: Is the activity or work involves collecting, writing and editing
news for newspapers, magazines concerning the production and dissemination of
reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas and people who are "
news of the day "and that inform society at some degree at least.
Aspiration:
Is regards as a hope or ambition of achieving something as it could be through
motivation to work very hard
Mass
communications: Is imparting or exchanging as well as transmission of
information on a large scale of information to large numbers of people through
the mass media.
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