ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR
CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK
YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE
PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL
INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS
PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
A STUDY OF RAPE VICTIMS HANDLING AND
MANAGEMENT IN FCT,
ABSTRACT
A study is presented of the reported cases of
child rape in Port Harcourt, the capital of Fct, Abuja in Nigeria. The
conditions that make children, particularly females, more vulnerable to sexual
abuse are explored. The organization of family life places children in a
dependency cycle that makes rape both inevitable and invisible. Change that is
responsive to family needs is more likely to have a positive effect in
preventing child rape. Rape is an economically important activity which
according to Becker (1968) is almost totally neglected by economist. This
neglect makes economics of rape a relatively new filed for economic
investigation that has been aided by the fact that in the last four decades,
there has been an outstanding increase in criminal activities as some reports
and studies have conferred in Nigeria (CLEEN, 2006: Motor, 2009 among others).
Factors affecting rape and determinants is
closely related to poverty, social exclusion, income inequality, cultural and
family background, religion, unemployment, education, age, gender, race,
urbanization and a host of other economic and socio-demographic factors that
influence the mind and behaviour of the individual in making decision (Buonanno
and montolio, 2008: Gumus 2004; Motor, 2009; and Rustepeli and Ond, 2006). As
such, criminal activities are not restricted to economic systems or to
leadership styles. In addition, rapes are also not peculiar to level of
economic growth and development. The study
examined the cases and incidence of raping reported amongst middle age and young adult in Port
Harcourt, Fct, Abujas. Rape can be
defined in various ways but in most jurisdiction, it is defined as sexual
intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration by one person (the accused)
with or against another person (the victim) without the consent of the victim.
A total of 100 respondents were systematically selected for this study and with
the use of simple descriptive technique analysed. The outcome revealed that
there are incidences of rape within the society which many said is criminal.
There are strong indications that socio-cultural factors are part of the
contributing factors. It recommended among other thing that perpetrators should
be punished and victims should be well supported.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Statistics on rape and other sexual assaults
are commonly available in advanced countries and are becoming more common
throughout the world. Inconsistent definitions of rape, different rates of
reporting, recording, prosecution and conviction for rape create controversial
statistical disparities, and lead to accusations that many rape statistics are
unreliable or misleading.
A United Nations statistical report compiled
from government sources showed that more than 250,000 cases of rape or
attempted rape were recorded by police annually. The reported data covered 65 countries.
In some jurisdictions, male-female rape is the only form of rape counted in the
statistics. The attitude of the police
in many countries often discourages victims from reporting rape: one study in
Turkey found that 33% of police officers agreed with the assertion that
"some women deserve rape" and 66% agreed that "the physical
appearance and behaviors of women tempt men to rape."
In many
parts of the world, rape is very rarely reported, due to the extreme social
stigma cast on women who have been raped, or the fear of being disowned by
their families, or subjected to violence, including honor killings. Furthermore, in countries where adultery
and/or premarital sex are illegal, victims of rape can face prosecution under
these laws, if there is not sufficient evidence to prove a rape in the court.
Even if they can prove their rape case, evidence during investigation may
surface showing that they were not virgins at the time of the rape, which, if
they are unmarried, opens the door for prosecution. Countries may or may not
criminalize marital rape and in many countries which do criminalize it
prosecutions for it are exceptionally rare. Due to prevailing social views,
sexual activity in marriage is in many parts of the world considered an
absolute right of the husband that can be taken with or without the consent of
his wife. The very act of a woman refusing to have sex with her husband may be
considered unthinkable: in one survey, 74% of women in Mali said that a husband
is justified to beat his wife if she refuses to have sex with him. There are
also significant differences in regard to the enforcement of rape laws in
practice in different jurisdictions; although de jure a rape law may be
applicable to any victim; de facto the enforcement of the law often excludes
certain victims, such as prostitutes, women who were not virgins at the time of
the rape, or other women with a 'bad reputation'.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The police force lacks training and expertise
to prevent and to respond effectively to violence against women. The problem is
compounded by attitudes towards women prevalent among male police officers. A
woman who has been raped may be confronted by inferences that she was in some
way responsible, for example, by questions and comments about her presence at
the place where the rape occurred or about her manner of dressing. Such
attitudes, coupled with the social stigma attached to rape, dissuade women from
reporting the rape.
A woman high court judge told Amnesty
International on condition on anonymity: "the police who are taking the
report are often displaying discriminatory and dismissive attitudes towards the
victim. They would challenge the rape victim by saying that she must have done
something to the man and that she must have attracted him." The state has
a duty to ensure that violence against women is reported, recorded,
investigated and prosecuted. The attitudes among male police officers, however,
prohibit an effective response.
1. Lack of effective investigation and
prosecution
According to The Public Officers Protection
Act (CAP 379), a federal statute, section 1 ‘any action, prosecution, or other
proceedings for any act, neglect or default against any public official pursued
under law or while on public duty’must be initiated within three months after
the alleged misconduct.(50) This act imposes limits on the period of time in
which complaints can be made and this very short span of time would appear to
limit the possibility of prosecution of public officials. Should traumatized
victims not summon the courage to bring a civil suit or to complain to the
police within three months, the possibilities of filing formal complaints
against police or other state actors who may have committed rape are
significantly restricted.
2. Lack of effective, independent police
review body
Reluctance to report a rape by a police
officer to a colleague of the alleged perpetrator is an important factor in the
under-reporting of rape. Corruption within the Nigerian Police Force is widely
acknowledged. Colleagues or relatives of the alleged perpetrator have in some
cases employed threats or bribes in an attempt to secure withdrawal of the complaint.
Some allegations of rape are reviewed within
existing internal police review systems and may result in internal disciplinary
measures. Complaints are normally referred to either the Police Complaints
Bureau or the "Orderly Room Trial" mechanism. In addition, a Police
Service Commission was established by law in 2001. Current procedures, however,
lack independence and are ineffective.
The public
can report misconduct by the police to the Police Complaints Bureau, an
internal investigation unit established in 2003, which is reported to have an
office in each police station. In addition, so-called "human rights
desks" were reported to have been established in some police stations in
Port harcourt in June 2006 as part of a pilot project. There appears, however,
to be little practical evidence of the work of the Police Complaints Bureau or
the "human rights desks". According to human rights defenders, where
they exist, such mechanisms lack adequate resources and are inefficient.
The
"Orderly Trial Room" is an internal police review mechanism – where
complaints against police officers are examined by their peers. The panel
established to review the complaint has a mandate to recommend disciplinary
action, including dismissal, suspension and demotion, when referring the case
to the Police Service Commission for decision. The orderly trial room panel
lacks independence and impartiality: there is, for example, no mechanism to
preclude participation of close colleagues of the alleged perpetrator. Amnesty
International is aware of only one case where this mechanism has been used in a
case of rape: that of two girls who were raped in Enugu, where two junior
officers were dismissed from the police force and a senior officer suspended.
Criminal proceedings were also brought. (This case is described above.)
The Police Service Commission is responsible
for the appointment, promotion, discipline and dismissal of police officers
below the grade of Inspector General of Police. It consists of a retired
Justice of the Supreme Court or Court of Appeal, a retired police officer not
below the rank of Commissioner of Police, and four members of civil society.
Its mandate includes investigation of misconduct, separate from and parallel to
criminal investigation. It cannot, however, refer cases to the courts for
prosecution. Human rights organizations are concerned that, in practice, the
Police Service Commission lacks both the political will and adequate resources
to implement its mandate: complaints are reported to be referred back to the
police for further investigation. It does not, therefore, provide an adequate
independent mechanism to investigate allegations of rape by police officers.
This led to a situation whereby Akhagbicha, G. (1886) in its “police and the
society” Committed thus; a…but when a policeman refuses to show mercy and
understand on the society that shelters, cloth and feed him, the society, then
se the every language or means to condemn him, hence the general contempt for
police in our society” still the mean of the force seem not to understand not
like themselves. All these out together, weight down the overall statistical
analysis of rape factors affecting in Fct, Abuja? And to what extend does this
phenomenon affect police in rape detection and prevention?.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
OF STUDY
The purpose of this is to identify the
various statistical analysis of factors affecting rape in Fct, Abuja and its
possible set backs and how it rendered Nigeria police to determined rapes of
its principal functions or duties of rape prevention and detection ineffective,
taking Fct, Abuja police Command Port Harcourt as a study post. It is also
intended to find out how and to what extend statistical analysis is rape
management performance has assisted the Nigeria police in Fct, Abuja in
bringing the Rape wave of the State to the workable solution or method of
detecting and preventing rape in this country as a whole by the entire Nigeria
police force in Fct, Abuja.
1. To evaluate incidence of raping in Fct,
Abuja.
2. To know the factors affecting statistical
Analysis performance on the overall performance of the rape detection.
3. To assess the consequences of police
present level of factors, on their acceptability by the members of the public.
4. To
know the negative influence of the present
level of police performance on detection of rape of rape in Fct, Abuja.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This study intends to address the following
question;
(1) What are the factors affecting
statistical Analysis performance on the overall performance of the rape
detection?
(2) What are the consequences of police
present level of factors, on their acceptability by the members of the public?
(3) What negative influence does the present
level of police performance on detection of rape of rape in Fct, Abuja.
.1.5
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
It is the intention of the research to verify
the following hypothesis.
H01: That a greater percentage of the factors
affecting statistical management positions in the case of raped victims
H02: That lack of sufficient equipment apart
from Communities equipment negatively affect the attitude of policemen
detecting crimes.
H0: There is no significant relation
between negative influence of the
present level of police performance and detection of rape of rape in Fct, Abuja.
H1: There is a significant relation
between negative influence of the
present level of police performance and detection of rape of rape in Fct, Abuja.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE STUDY
The significance of this study lies on fact
that: finding of this research will serve as feedback to statistical Analysis
factors affecting rape in Fct, Abuja both at federal. This study will also
provided need information which as a reference, will assist both rape and
government in policy formation.
The social factors used in the analysis are
education and clearance rate. Education and
do not significanctly explain rape.
Moreover, the study will serve as a source of
information for researchers and the reading public as a whole may find need to
know about the rape and how. Factors affecting the performance has adverse
effects on managing their resources and it will enable them to appreciate the
difficulties faced by them- the rape.
1.7 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This study is centered on statistical
analysis of reported cases of rape in Fct, Abuja)
.1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
Despite the
limited scope of this study certain constraints were encountered during the
research of this project. Some of the
constraints experienced by the researcher were given below:
i. TIME: This was a
major constraint on the researcher during the period of the work. Considering
the limited time given for this study, there was not much time to give this
research the needed attention.
ii. FINANCE: Owing to
the financial difficulty prevalent in the country and it’s resultant prices of
commodities, transportation fares, research materials etc. The researcher did
not find it easy meeting all his financial obligations.
iii. INFORMATION CONSTRAINTS: Nigerian
researchers have never had it easy when it comes to obtaining necessary
information relevant to their area of study from private business organization
and even government agencies. The
newsmen in Fct, Abuja find it difficult to reveal their internal operations.
The primary information was collected through face-to-face interview getting
the published materials on this topic meant going from one library to other
which was not easy.
Although these problems placed limitations on the study, but it did not prevent the researcher from
carrying out a detailed and comprehensive research work on the subject matter.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Rape: The concept of “Rape” is very relative, rape
is a term widely used by law-persons to identify such act as embezzlement,
forced sex, murder and robbery. However, in the concise Oxford Dictionary, Rape
is referred to as acts punishable by Law” as a Major societal problem, many
scholars have attempted its definition. Haralambo views rape as those
activities that break the law of the Land and are subject to official
punishment haralambo, 1980”406. Along this line of thought, Pail suggests that
behaviour can only be considered a rape if it is contrary to any formal laws of
society (Pail 1977:328) cited in Jwarimie Jaja (2000), Thus, in societies where
there is existence of laws against such behaviour as prostitution, homosexuals,
alcoholism, stealing, embezzlement, suicide, homicide and arson, person whose
behaviour go contrary to the rules of law are most likely to prosecuted, and if
found guilty, they are convicted for a period stipulated by such law, cited
Jwarimie Jaja (200).
Rape: This is
the criminal, forcible sexual intercourse without the consent of the
individual.
Young men:
These are male gender that fall under the age of 40 years which is early middle
age or adulthood. Prevalence and types of rape: Recently, UNICEF commented that
rape occur more on women and children in African conflict zones. It was no
longer perpetrated by combatants but also by civilians. According to WHO
(1997), rape is common in countries affected by wars and natural disasters,
drawing a link between the occurrence of sexual violence with the significant
uprooting of a society and the crumbling of the social norms.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT
WORK
PLEASE, print the following
instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written
material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT
MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate
amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1)
Your project topics
(2)
Email Address
(3)
Payment Name
(4)
Teller Number
We
will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 0046579864
Bank:
GTBank.
OR
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 3139283609
Bank:
FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
https://projectmaterialsng.blogspot.com.ng/
https://foreasyprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://mypostumes.blogspot.com.ng/
https://myeasymaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://eazyprojectsmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
https://easzprojectmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
Comments
Post a Comment