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THE INDICES
OF SPORTS PARTICIPATION AS PREDICTOR OF NON-INVOLVEMENT IN CULTISM AMONG
STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
The purpose
of the study was to examine the indices of sports participation as predictor of
non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University. A total of
two hundred (200) respondents were selected from five faculties. Which was
analyzed using a descriptive statistics of percentage, frequency and
inferential statistics of chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. A
self-structured questionnaire was also used for the study.
Three
hypotheses were postulated and all were rejected. The findings revealed the
following:
1. Availability of sports facilities was
significantly predicted as non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos
State University.
2. Scheduling of sports activities was
significantly predicted as non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos
State University.
3. The influence of peer group was significantly
predicted as non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
One major
culture that has the capacity of developing the mind and body of the Nigerian
students is sports. Sports does not exists in a vacuum; it is part of total
educational program of a nation, which involves local and state systems,
regional councils and international organization, sports without mining words
has developed to become a socio-economic, political, cultural and religious
weapon through which many nations seek to
rule the world. Gert (1995) agrees to this fact by stating categorically
that sports has been used by nation of low recognition to improve their global
image and project their national status to recognition.
Sports also
act as a kind of badge for social exclusivity and cultural distinctiveness for
the dominant classes, it operates a means of control or containment of the
working or popular classes; it is represented as a source of escape and
mobility for talented class of performers. It articulates the fractional status
distinctions that exist within the ranks of large class grouping (Sugden and Tomlinson, 2000).(Eitzen 2009)
also sees sports as that which can bring
people together by giving them a sense of personal identify, as well as
feelings of group membership and social identification.
Awosika
(2000) postulated that sports has been found to be an instrument of
practriotism individuals especially in a multi-national agency. Also,
researches have shown that participation in sports has positive correlation
with academic achievement (Durcan, 2000).
Olajide
(2003) stated that sports participation represents an integral part of total
physical education programme, which mostly evolves from the intra-mural and extra-mural
programmes. It is designed for students and it serves as an extension of the
instruction programme by giving students with opportunity to practicalise what
they have learnt in the classroom e.g morals and theories of games. It provides
students with opportunities that will be conducive for their health and
physical fitness. It motivates student’s participation in sports skills at
their own level. It provides a forum or avenue to share common interest. It
encourages the process of psychological meaning or self-confidence so important
to the adolescent.
The concept
of a “cult” as defined by Homby, (2001) is a small group of people who have
extreme religious beliefs and who are not part of any established religion.
Akanni (1999) postulated that a “Cult” could be said to emanate from great and
or idea. This could be manifested in ritual, praised songs, chants and
worship.
Omoluabi
(1999) opined that against the background of the nature of campuses, the
theories and functions of groups, the formation of all kinds of groups in
campuses is inevitable. The so-called campus cults or secret society are groups
of students who have un-orthodox social practices. The groups that have
pirates, Buccaneer, Black axe, Black beret, Eiye confraternity, Mafioso and
Daughters of Jezebel. The group’s characteristics are: holding meetings at
unusually times and in unusual places, wearing weird customers, singing
outrageous songs, adopting outlandish nicknames, love of rituals and poor
personal adjustment, magical activities and low self-esteem.
However, as
it has been postulated above that cultism and the violence associated with it
are inevitable phenomena on campuses, the realization that group behavior of
the individual member of the group further confirms that inevitability. Arising
from this background, the purpose of this study is to appraise indices of
sports participation as predictors of non-involvement in cultism among students
of Lagos State University.
Statement of
the Problem
In the
recent past, sports and provided a forum for unity and social interaction
through the participation of fellow country men and women representing the
country in some events such as track and field, football, and tennis. However,
these participants are majorly from other works of life except academics. It
has been noted that for instance the contingent i.e presenting Nigeria in 1989
under 20 World cup, only multi Adepoju happened to be an undergraduate from
university of Ibadan.
To this end,
if samples will be taking it will be discovered that just a fraction or a small
percentage of students participate in sports to the point of representing the
country in both National and
International events. Showing the lack of interest or encouragement post by
stunts towards sporting activities. This research therefore aims at looking closely into the
cases, causes consequences and panacea which will provide modalities for
institutions of higher learning to
integrate sporting activities into the educational system thereby encouraging a
lot of undergraduates or students from various facilities to explore their talents.
Purpose of
the Study
The purpose
of the study will be:
1. Looking at the availability of sports
facilities as predictors of
non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University.
2. Finding out how scheduling of sports
activities should be furthermore intensified in order to encourage continuous
participation in sports among students of Lagos State University.
3. To how whether the influence of peer group
will predict their non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University
Research
Questions
The
following research questions will be raised in the course of the study:
1. Will availability of sports facilities
significantly predict non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University.
2. Will scheduling of sports activities significantly
predict non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State University
3. Will the influence of peer group
significantly predict non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University.
Research Hypotheses
1. Availability of sports facilities will not
significantly predict non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University.
2. Scheduling of sports activities will not
significantly predict non-involvement in cultism among students of Lagos State
University.
3. The influence of peer group will not predict
cultism among students of Lagos State University.
Significance
of the Study
The study
when fully completed will be immense contributions to the development of sports
in tertiary institutions in the following ways:
1. It will upgrade the university to sustain
student’s interest regarding sports.
2. The university programme will be redesigned
so as to create a meaningful and adequate time for students during which they
could take part in sporting activities.
3. It will also suggest vital techniques to be
adopted by the university authority in predicting sports participation among
students of Lagos State University.
Delimitations
of the Study
1. This research work is delimited to five (5)
selected faculties in Lagos State University. These are:
(i) Faculty of Sciences
(ii) Faculty of Social Science
(iii) Faculty of Management Science
(iv) Faculty of Education
(v) Faculty of Art
2. A total of 200 participants will be used as
sample for the study.
Limitations
of the Study
The
following are limitations envisaged in the study and they are:
1. The reluctance of respondents in taking part
of the study
2. Responses bias from the respondents, which
may affect the validity of the study.
Operational
Definition of Terms
1. Indices: A sign or measure that can be
judged.
2. Sports: An organized competitive activity
involving physical effort and skill.
3. Predictor: state that an event will happen in the future
4. Non-involvement: Act of not giving a lot of
time and attention.
5. Cult: A way of life, an attitude, an idea
that has become very popular
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